The Hacktivismo Declaration (2001) by Oxblood Ruffin

Free speech is under siege at the
margins of the Internet. Quite a few countries are censoring access
to the Web through DNS [Domain Name Service] filtering. This is a
process whereby politically incorrect information is blocked by
domain address -- the name that appears before the dot com suffix.
Others employ filtering which denies politically or socially
challenging subject matter based on its content.

Hacktivismo and the CULT OF THE DEAD COW have decided that enough
is too much. We are hackers and free speech advocates, and we are
developing technologies to challenge state-sponsored censorship of
the Internet.

Most countries use intimidation and filtering of one, kind or
another including the Peoples Republic of China, Cuba, and many
Islamic countries. Most claim to be blocking pornographic content.
But the real reason is to prevent challenging content from spreading
through repressive regimes. This includes information ranging from
political opinion, "foreign" news, women's issues, academic
and scholarly works, religious information, information
regarding ethnic groups in disfavor, news of human rights abuses,
documents which present drugs in a positive light, and gay and lesbian
content, among others.

The capriciousness of state-sanctioned censorship is wide-ranging. [1]

* In Zambia, the government has attempted to censor information
revealing their plans for constitutional referendums. 

* In Mauritania -- as in most countries --, owners of cybercafes are
required to supply government intelligence agents with copies of e-mail
sent or received at their establishments.

* Even less draconian governments, like Malaysia, have threatened
web-publishers for violating their publishing licenses by publishing
frequent updates: _timely, relevant_ information is seen as a threat.

* South Korean's national security law forbids South Koreans from
having any contact -- including contact over the Internet -- with 
their North Korean neighbors. 

* Sri Lanka threatened news sites with possible revocation
of their licenses if coverage of a presidential election
campaign was not partial to the party of the outgoing president.

The risks of accessing or disseminating information are often great.

* In Ukraine, a decapitated body found near the village of Tarachtcha is
believed to be that of Georgiy Gongadze, founder and editor of an
on-line newspaper critical of the authorities. 

* In August, 1998, eighteen year old Turk Emre Ersoz was found
guilty of "insulting the national police" in an Internet forum
after participating in a demonstration that was violently suppressed
by the police. His ISP provided the authorities with his address.

* Journalist Miroslav Filipovic has the dubious distinction of having
been the first Journalist accused of spying because of articles
published on the Internet -- in this case detailing the abuses of
certain Yugoslav army units in Kosovo.

We are sickened by these egregious violations of information and
human rights. The liberal democracies have talked a far better
game than they've played on access to information. But hackers
are not willing to watch the custodians of the International
Convention on Civil and Political Rights and the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights turn them into a mockery. We are
willing to put our money where our mouth is.

Hacktivismo and the CULT OF THE DEAD COW are issuing the HACKTIVISMO
DECLARATION as a declaration of outrage and a statement of intent.
It is our Magna Carta for information rights. People have a right
to reasonable access of otherwise lawfully published information.
If our leaders aren't prepared to defend the Internet, we are.

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[1] some information cited in this press release was either
paraphrased, or quoted directly, from the "Enemies of the Internet"
report published by Reporters Without Frontiers, and may be found
at http://www.rsf.fr

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 THE HACKTIVISMO DECLARATION
assertions of liberty in support of an uncensored internet

DEEPLY ALARMED that state-sponsored censorship of the Internet is
rapidly spreading with the assistance of transnational corporations,

TAKING AS A BASIS the principles and purposes enshrined in Article 19
of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) that states,
_Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this
right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to
seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media
and regardless of frontiers_, and Article 19 of the International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) that says,

1. Everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference.

2. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right
shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and
ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing
or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his
choice.

3. The exercise of the rights provided for in paragraph 2 of this 
article carries with it special duties and responsibilities. It may
therefore be subject to certain restrictions, but these shall only be
such as are provided by law and are necessary:

 (a) For respect of the rights or reputations of others;

 (b) For the protection of national security or of public order, or of
public health or morals.

RECALLING that some member states of the United Nations have signed the
ICCPR, or have ratified it in such a way as to prevent their citizens 
from using it in courts of law,

CONSIDERING that, such member states continue to willfully suppress
wide-ranging access to lawfully published information on the Internet,
despite the clear language of the ICCPR that freedom of expression 
exists in all media,

TAKING NOTE that transnational corporations continue to sell 
information technologies to the world's most repressive regimes
knowing full well that they will be used to track and control an
already harried citizenry,

TAKING INTO ACCOUNT that the Internet is fast becoming a method of
repression rather than an instrument of liberation,

BEARING IN MIND that in some countries it is a crime to demand the 
right to access lawfully published information, and of other basic human
rights,

RECALLING that member states of the United Nations have failed to press 
the world's most egregious information rights violators to a higher 
standard,

MINDFUL that denying access to information could lead to spiritual,
intellectual, and economic decline, the promotion of xenophobia and
destabilization of international order,

CONCERNED that governments and transnationals are colluding to maintain 
the status quo,

DEEPLY ALARMED that world leaders have failed to address information 
rights issues directly and without equivocation,

RECOGNIZING the importance to fight against human rights abuses with 
respect to reasonable access to information on the Internet,

THEREFORE WE ARE CONVINCED that the international hacking community has 
a moral imperative to act, and we

DECLARE:

* THAT FULL RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS 
INCLUDES THE LIBERTY OF FAIR AND REASONABLE ACCESS TO INFORMATION,
WHETHER BY SHORTWAVE RADIO, AIR MAIL, SIMPLE TELEPHONY, THE GLOBAL
INTERNET, OR OTHER MEDIA.

* THAT WE RECOGNIZE THE RIGHT OF GOVERNMENTS TO FORBID THE 
PUBLICATION OF PROPERLY CATEGORIZED STATE SECRETS, CHILD PORNOGRAPHY,
AND MATTERS RELATED TO PERSONAL PRIVACY AND PRIVILEDGE, AMONG OTHER
ACCEPTED RESTRICTIONS. BUT WE OPPOSE THE USE OF STATE POWER TO CONTROL
ACCESS TO THE WORKS OF CRITICS, INTELLECTUALS, ARTISTS, OR RELIGIOUS
FIGURES.

* THAT STATE SPONSORED CENSORSHIP OF THE INTERNET ERODES PEACEFUL AND
CIVILIZED COEXISTENCE, AFFECTS THE EXERCISE OF DEMOCRACY, AND ENDANGERS 
THE SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONS.

* THAT STATE-SPONSORED CENSORSHIP OF THE INTERNET IS A SERIOUS FORM 
OF ORGANIZED AND SYSTEMATIC VIOLENCE AGAINST CITIZENS, IS INTENDED TO 
GENERATE CONFUSION AND XENOPHOPIA, AND IS A REPREHENSIBLE VIOLATION OF
TRUST.

* THAT WE WILL STUDY WAYS AND MEANS OF CIRCUMVENTING STATE SPONSORED
CENSORSHIP OF THE INTERNET AND WILL IMPLEMENT TECHNOLOGIES TO CHALLENGE
INFORMATION RIGHTS VIOLATIONS.